For dogs who have established barking as a leisure-time activity, though, a simple solution does not always work. You may want to praise them too. 3. Then stand close to them. For example, a dog starts to demand bark at 5 pm each day. /* */ You may do this by continuing what youve done during their adolescence phase. Reward them for staying in place. steve mann how to stop barkingannalise mahanes height. How to stop a dog barking at other dogs 15, Navrang Industrial Society, B/H Sarvodaya Petrol Pump, Sosyo Circle, Udhna - Magdalla Road, Surat - 395002, Gujarat, India } } People are often pleased that their dog barks, because it alerts them to the approach of people to their home or it tells them there's something that the dog wants or needs. You may try practicing the stop barking command by the front door or by another area where your dog tends to bark uncontrollably. padding: 0 !important; color: #000000; In fact, the stress from wearing a muzzle may encourage unwanted behaviors and vocalizations. Itll make them learn that theres nothing to be excited or curious about. To teach your dog the "stop barking" command, start by teaching it how to speak so you can control when it's allowed to bark. } } However, they need lesser exercise compared to older dogs. When your dog starts barking, ask them to do something that's incompatible with barking. Still, reward them for being quiet. These dogs are reactive to even the smallest of sounds. A couple of meters would do as a starter. And then increase the duration as the practice goes by. If your dog barks at specific triggers, gradually get your dog accustomed to whatever is causing them to bark. Here are some questions that can help you fix this. And demand barking is one of those. background-color: #f5853b; In your case, when your dog is quiet. /* ]]> */ Moving to a new home can be so exciting, but the move itself is a stressful, hassle-filled activity that no one enjoys. Note: Dogs, regardless of age, shouldnt be in the crate for more than 6 to 8 hours. width: 1em !important; If they are barking, wait until they've stopped even for a second to open the crate door or gate or to reward them with a treat or fresh puzzle toy. And also make your dog master commands effectively. Give the dog at least a week to learn the command. So, if done correctly, youll have a more quiet pooch. It must be far enough away that they don't bark when they see it. background-color: #eee; The proper exercise differs for every dog breed. background-color: #87cefa; Exercise and Play With Your Dog. .metaslider .caption { When you respond to the dog barking, it thinks that it has accomplished its goal of getting your attention. Step 1: Start with reward giving play. Athletic Bilbao Vs Villarreal Forebet, Your dog will get used to any desensitization in time. Once they stop barking, turn around and reward them with a treat. % of people told us that this article helped them. Teaching your dog to react to barking stimuli with something that inhibits them from barking, such as lying down on their bed. If your poochs okay with it, allow them to make contact. Then reward the dog with a high value treat or a favorite toy to show it that you want this behavior. The AKC Canine Good Citizen (CGC) program is the gold standard of how dogs should behave. When you have a dog, you know with certainty that theyre going to barkwhether out of fear, to be territorial, as a joyful greeting, for attention, or maybe because theyre bored. How the devil are you? References. Method 1 Go outside or to another room for example. She has been voted the best private dog trainer in the San Francisco Bay Area 4 times by SF Chronicle and by Bay Woof, and she has won 4 "Top Dog Blog" awards. You may find it easier to keep your dog on a short trailing line to help you do this. The goal is to identify why your dog is barking and then give them an alternative way to communicate or remove the stimulus that's causing them to bark. In the case of ultrasonic bark deterrents, many dogs don't find the noise unpleasant enough to stop barking, making the tool useless as a punishment. Also check out: 7 Interesting Reasons Why Your Dog Barks At Thunder + Tips. This is best to do when your dog is barking at the moment. (yelling or raising your voice doesn't work). If they bark at people or animals passing by the living room window, manage the behavior by closing the curtains or putting your dog in another room. Book your spot with marna@dogtownsa.org tickets cost R550 and the workshop runs from 09h00 15h00 His two observations that stick in my mind are Dogs dont run in Peru and that the dogs actively seek out people just to be near them. Move it near your dogs nose. Summary. This can be achieved through desensitizing them. AKC actively advocates for responsible dog ownership and is dedicated to advancing dog sports. Be consistent so you don't confuse your dog. } If a dog that is hungry is deprived of food, for example, they may bark more frequently and excessively in response. If this happens, it's important to address any underlying problems which could be causing your dog to bark . Examples of punishment would be yelling, throwing objects, or trying to interrupt the barking by spraying water at your dog, making loud noises, or using citronella-spraying collars or shock collars. Allowing them to be alone for a specific time during the day. For more tips from our Veterinary co-author, including how to remove your dogs motivations for barking, keep reading! But just be consistent and patient. The duration of time should only be a few minutes, or until they stop barking. You can also teach the dog the quiet command when one is barking excessively. Determining the root cause of barking will help you figure out how best to curtail it. So, theyll be needing more exercise too. } Larger breeds may need longer walks outside and trips to the dog park to get some exercise. Your pup needs to have mastered the four basic commands of 'come', 'sit', 'stay', and 'down'. So make sure that your pup receives an appropriate amount depending on his breed, age, and health. Therell be times where your dog gets bored. When they're reliably going to their bed to earn a treat, up the ante by opening the door while they're on their bed. margin-bottom: 0; Stephen "Steve" MANN Sudbury, Ont. Keep doing this every time theyre quiet. 2. Repeat until you can leave them without demand barking. #footer-widgets aside { width : 25%; } @import url(//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:400&display=block); body,button,input,select,textarea { font-family: "Roboto"; font-weight: 400 } #masthead.site-header .hgroup h1 { font-family: "Roboto"; font-weight: 400 } #page-wrapper h1,#page-wrapper h2,#page-wrapper h3,#page-wrapper h4,#page-wrapper h5,#page-wrapper h6 { font-family: "Roboto"; font-weight: 400 } .main-navigation, .mobile-nav-frame, .mobile-nav-frame .title h3 { font-family: "Roboto"; font-weight: 400 } #masthead .hgroup h1, #masthead.masthead-logo-in-menu .logo > h1 { color: #000000 } #masthead .hgroup .support-text, #masthead .hgroup .site-description { font-size: 28px; color: #000000 } #page-title, article.post .entry-header h1.entry-title, article.page .entry-header h1.entry-title { font-size: 32px; color: #000000 } .entry-content { font-size: 16px } .entry-content, #comments .commentlist article .comment-meta a { color: #000000 } .entry-content h1, .entry-content h2, .entry-content h3, .entry-content h4, .entry-content h5, .entry-content h6, #comments .commentlist article .comment-author a, #comments .commentlist article .comment-author, #comments-title, #reply-title, #commentform label { color: #000000 } #comments-title, #reply-title { border-bottom-color: #000000 } .entry-content h1 { font-size: 32px } .entry-content h2 { font-size: 28px } .entry-content h3 { font-size: 24px } .entry-content h4 { font-size: 20px } .entry-content h5 { font-size: 18px } .entry-content h6 { font-size: 16px } #masthead .hgroup { padding-top: 25px; padding-bottom: 25px } .entry-content a, .entry-content a:visited, article.post .author-box .box-content .author-posts a:hover, #secondary a, #secondary a:visited, #masthead .hgroup a, #masthead .hgroup a:visited, .comment-form .logged-in-as a, .comment-form .logged-in-as a:visited { color: #f5853b } .entry-content a, .textwidget a { text-decoration: none } .entry-content a:hover, .entry-content a:focus, .entry-content a:active, #secondary a:hover, #masthead .hgroup a:hover, #masthead .hgroup a:focus, #masthead .hgroup a:active, .comment-form .logged-in-as a:hover, .comment-form .logged-in-as a:focus, .comment-form .logged-in-as a:active { color: #33ac08 } .main-navigation { background-color: #f5853b } .main-navigation a { color: #000000 } .main-navigation ul ul { background-color: #f5853b } .main-navigation ul ul a { color: #000000 } .main-navigation ul li:hover > a, .main-navigation ul li:focus > a, #search-icon #search-icon-icon:hover, #search-icon #search-icon-icon:focus { background-color: #ffffff } .main-navigation ul li:hover > a, .main-navigation ul li:focus > a, .main-navigation ul li:hover > a [class^="fa fa-"] { color: #f5853b } .main-navigation ul ul li:hover > a { background-color: #ffffff; color: #f5853b } .main-navigation [class^="fa fa-"], .main-navigation .mobile-nav-icon { color: #ffffff } #search-icon #search-icon-icon { background-color: #f5853b } #search-icon #search-icon-icon .vantage-icon-search { color: #ffffff } #search-icon #search-icon-icon:hover .vantage-icon-search, #search-icon #search-icon-icon:focus .vantage-icon-search { color: #f5853b } #search-icon .searchform { background-color: #ffffff } #search-icon .searchform input[name=s] { color: #000000 } .main-navigation ul li a { padding-top: 16px; padding-bottom: 16px } .main-navigation ul li a, #masthead.masthead-logo-in-menu .logo { padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px } .main-navigation ul li { font-size: 18px } a.button, button, html input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"], .post-navigation a, #image-navigation a, article.post .more-link, article.page .more-link, .paging-navigation a, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button, .woocommerce a.button, .woocommerce .checkout-button, .woocommerce input.button, #infinite-handle span { background: #f5853b; border-color: #f1d46f } a.button:hover, button:hover, html input[type="button"]:hover, input[type="reset"]:hover, input[type="submit"]:hover, .post-navigation a:hover, #image-navigation a:hover, article.post .more-link:hover, article.page .more-link:hover, .paging-navigation a:hover, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button:hover, .woocommerce a.button:hover, .woocommerce .checkout-button:hover, .woocommerce input.button:hover, .woocommerce input.button:disabled:hover, .woocommerce input.button:disabled[disabled]:hover, #infinite-handle span:hover { background: #f5853b } a.button:hover, button:hover, html input[type="button"]:hover, input[type="reset"]:hover, input[type="submit"]:hover, .post-navigation a:hover, #image-navigation a:hover, article.post .more-link:hover, article.page .more-link:hover, .paging-navigation a:hover, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button:hover, .woocommerce a.button:hover, .woocommerce .checkout-button:hover, .woocommerce input.button:hover, #infinite-handle span:hover { opacity: 0.75; border-color: #f1d46f } a.button:focus, button:focus, html input[type="button"]:focus, input[type="reset"]:focus, input[type="submit"]:focus, .post-navigation a:focus, #image-navigation a:focus, article.post .more-link:focus, article.page .more-link:focus, .paging-navigation a:focus, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button:focus, .woocommerce a.button:focus, .woocommerce .checkout-button:focus, .woocommerce input.button:focus, .woocommerce input.button:disabled:focus, .woocommerce input.button:disabled[disabled]:focus, #infinite-handle span:focus { background: #f5853b } a.button:focus, button:focus, html input[type="button"]:focus, input[type="reset"]:focus, input[type="submit"]:focus, .post-navigation a:focus, #image-navigation a:focus, article.post .more-link:focus, article.page .more-link:focus, .paging-navigation a:focus, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button:focus, .woocommerce a.button:focus, .woocommerce .checkout-button:focus, .woocommerce input.button:focus, #infinite-handle span:focus { opacity: 0.75; border-color: #f1d46f } a.button, button, html input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"], .post-navigation a, #image-navigation a, article.post .more-link, article.page .more-link, .paging-navigation a, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button, .woocommerce a.button, .woocommerce .checkout-button, .woocommerce input.button, .woocommerce #respond input#submit:hover, .woocommerce a.button:hover, .woocommerce button.button:hover, .woocommerce input.button:hover, .woocommerce input.button:disabled, .woocommerce input.button:disabled[disabled], .woocommerce input.button:disabled:hover, .woocommerce input.button:disabled[disabled]:hover, #infinite-handle span button { color: #ffffff } a.button, button, html input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"], .post-navigation a, #image-navigation a, article.post .more-link, article.page .more-link, .paging-navigation a, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button, .woocommerce a.button, .woocommerce .checkout-button, .woocommerce input.button, #infinite-handle span button { text-shadow: none } a.button, button, html input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"], .post-navigation a, #image-navigation a, article.post .more-link, article.page .more-link, .paging-navigation a, .woocommerce #page-wrapper .button, .woocommerce a.button, .woocommerce .checkout-button, .woocommerce input.button, .woocommerce #respond input#submit.alt, .woocommerce a.button.alt, .woocommerce button.button.alt, .woocommerce input.button.alt, #infinite-handle span { -webkit-box-shadow: none; -moz-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none } #footer-widgets .widget .widget-title { color: #ffffff } #footer-widgets .widget { color: #ffffff } #colophon .widget_nav_menu .menu-item a { border-color: #ffffff } #footer-widgets .widget a, #footer-widgets .widget a:visited { color: #ffffff } #footer-widgets .widget a:hover, #footer-widgets .widget a:focus, #footer-widgets .widget a:active { color: #ffffff } #colophon #theme-attribution, #colophon #site-info { color: #ffffff } #colophon #theme-attribution a, #colophon #site-info a { color: #ffffff } You may also lengthen the duration of your dogs exposure to it. Over time you can phrase the treat out altogether. border-bottom: 10px solid #33ac08; .archive #page-title { If you are struggling with your dog s barking around strangers or other dogs, seek out the help of a positive-reinforcement based dog trainer. Message and data rates may apply. You may also use the bed technique. var ajax_sib_front_object = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.fondation-fhb.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","ajax_nonce":"cba8a458a1","flag_url":"https:\/\/www.fondation-fhb.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/mailin\/img\/flags\/"}; width: 1500px; Remember to only reward barking when you ask your dog to speak. How do i get my dog to stop barking at strangers . 24 Hour Services - Have an emergency? Dogs will also bark around other dogs as a way to be social and communicate with them. This works by giving them something to keep them busy. .panel-grid-cell .widget-title { Step 2: Make your pup listen to your command 'QUIET'. iy_2023; im_03; id_04; ih_07; imh_25; i_epoch:1677943523097, py_2023; pm_02; pd_08; ph_03; pmh_01; p_epoch:1675854077707, link-block; link-block_link-block; bodystr, pn_tstr:Wed Feb 08 03:01:17 PST 2023; pn_epoch:1675854077707. Say youre preparing their meal during that time. {"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/#organization","name":"Fondation F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny pour la recherche de la paix","url":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/","sameAs":["http://www.facebook.com/fondationfhb","http://fondationfhb","http://www.youtube.com/fondationfhb","https://twitter.com/fondationfhb"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/#logo","inLanguage":"en-GB","url":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/logo_ffhb.png","contentUrl":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/logo_ffhb.png","width":108,"height":56,"caption":"Fondation F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny pour la recherche de la paix"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/#website","url":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/","name":"F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny Foundation for Peace Research","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/2021/05/21/ljvxentm/#webpage","url":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/2021/05/21/ljvxentm/","name":"steve mann how to stop barking - F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny Foundation for Peace Research","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-05-21T04:48:28+00:00","dateModified":"2021-05-21T04:48:28+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/2021/05/21/ljvxentm/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.fondation-fhb.org/2021/05/21/ljvxentm/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/2021/05/21/ljvxentm/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/en/home/","url":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/en/home/","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/en/activities/","url":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/en/activities/","name":"Activities"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"item":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/2021/05/21/ljvxentm/","url":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/2021/05/21/ljvxentm/","name":"steve mann how to stop barking"}}]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/2021/05/21/ljvxentm/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/2021/05/21/ljvxentm/#webpage"},"author":{"@id":""},"headline":"steve mann how to stop barking","datePublished":"2021-05-21T04:48:28+00:00","dateModified":"2021-05-21T04:48:28+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/2021/05/21/ljvxentm/#webpage"},"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.fondation-fhb.org/#organization"},"articleSection":"Uncategorized","inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https://www.fondation-fhb.org/2021/05/21/ljvxentm/#respond"]}]}]} The results showed that 35% of the dogs became quieter. [CDATA[ */ Privacy policy. Sometimes reward them after five seconds, then 12 seconds, then three seconds, then 20 seconds and so on. She said that its best to train them when theyre relaxed. Some people may even find it cute at first. Keep doing this every time they're quiet. If a bark collar or noise device stops your dog's barking, click and reward the silence. Our mission is to provide trainers and owners valuable information to enrich dogs' lives. Gradually get your dog accustomed to whatever is causing them to bark. It can work in some cases. In this way, youll be able to know how to fix it. Were now using people instead of noise. If your dog is barking because of boredom, providing your pet with something to do may be the answer. Don t be stingy with treats. margin: 0; When looking for a permanent solution, keep in mind that it is important for you, as the dogs owner, to find the source of the behavior. Share a few contact details to get your FREE e-book, https://www.akc.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php. Start by telling your dog to speak. Wait for him to bark two to three times. If your dog starts to bark, stop walking. Published: January 11, 2023. Text STOP to 77879 to opt out, HELP for info. text-decoration: none; border: none !important; color: #8f8f8f; This will occur if dogs associate barking with getting what they want. Here's a list of six techniques that can help reduce your dog or puppys barking. The trick is to get them excited to the point where they start barking at you. 2023 The Humane Society of the United States Privacy policy and terms. #footer-widgets .widget { width: 25%; } When COVID came to town earlier this year, city leaders agreed to stop utility disconnections for past-due accounts, a nod to the tough times customers were likely to have as businesses shut down and people got laid off. Now, heres how to teach your dog calm greetings: Further reading: 19 Tips To Stop Chihuahua Barking (How-To Training Guide). ORDER NOW AT 65% OFF Stop Excessive Barking Automatic Behaviour Correction In this video, trainer Victoria Stillwell demonstrates the technique. Then redirect your dogs attention. Just another site .textwidget p { .widget { You should never use punishment for dog barking. Watch this video for a more detailed tutorial: Some dogs get thrilled if they see people. Dog parents mightve had moments like this. Start with the stimulus at a distance. ISESCO Repeat step 1 and gradually lengthen their stay on the bed as you go on. Oftentimes, owners try to stop a dog from barking in ways that fail to address long-term behavior. } Still, reward them for being quiet. Once your dog is barking on command, place a treat in front of its nose while it's barking to get it to stop and sniff. Your dog will not learn to bark less frequently when the muzzle is off. Instead, theyll learn its time to rest. Crate training isnt the only way you can make your dog stop their demand barking. A dogs responses to pain or fear caused by punishment will only give short-term results, may cause aggression and phobias, and will lead to high levels of stress that block your dogs ability to learn. And helping your dog avoid these will make them refrain from barking. Group Courses: https://www.thedogguardian.com/group-dog-training-coursesFor more information on dog's behaviour and behavioural issues, have a look at the following links: My website: https://www.thedogguardian.comMy book: 'The Dog Guardian, Your Guide to a Happy, Well-Behaved Dog': Amazon Universal Link: http://geni.us/nigel-reedSocial media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thedogguardian Facebook https://www.facebook.com/DogGuardianTwitter: https://twitter.com/thedogguardian *** PS: I NEED YOUR HELP *** My goal is to better the lives of #onemilliondogs in my lifetime. Once your dog starts barking, place a treat in front of his nose. Move the stimulus a little closer (perhaps as little as a few inches or a few feet to start) and feed treats. Repeat these actions several times until your dog starts barking when you say speak. You may also delay the reward for quiet for longer periods of time to ensure your dog understands that quiet means to stop barking for a continued stretch of time. Dogs may also demand bark when they see people pass by. Does your pooch bomb your ears with barks when they want something? Your dog gets some kind of reward when they bark. You can help me reach #onemilliondogs by (1) subscribing to my channel and (2) give this video a thumbs up - so YouTube suggests this video to more dog owners and we can help 1,000,000 dogs all over the world. His incredible ability to understand dogs quickly has earned Steve the gratitude of dog owners everywhere, including a host of celebrities. Allow them to see you walk away. Otherwise, it may lead to serious problems. 7 Reasons 7 Ways To Stop Your Dog Barking At The Postman Dog Barking Your Dog Dogs . When a dogs reasons for barking are not addressed, they often begin to bark excessively. You can also try an indoor dog treadmill during colder months. /* ul, .entry-content > ol, .entry-content > li, .entry-content > dl, .entry-content pre, .entry-content code, .entry-content blockquote { When she is creating a huge fuss, say 'QUIET' and wait for her to stop. The goal is to get a calm response from your pooch. There is no magic involved in breaking this habit. By : whirlpool wed8300sw0 will not start; Comment: 0 . body.layout-full { This will help to put a stop to lunging, barking or defensive and nervous reactions. The Truth + 7 Anti-Barking Tips, 15 Amazing Reasons Why Your Dog Sleeps On Your Bed + 9 Tips. She is a Certified CGC (Canine Good Citizen) Evaluator by the American Kennel Club and has served on the Board of Directors for the American Humane Association and Rocket Dog Rescue. Here are my 5 tips to help you stop nuisance barking for good. Its when you reward good behavior. Try exposing them to 2 people this time. June 30, 2022 . margin-bottom: 15px; } display: inline !important; So, their barking might be due to the demand for food. Dog Training Nation is a community of dog trainers, dog owners and dog lovers. 1. If you treat things like they aren't a big deal, then so will your dog. } For example, if you need to pass by another dog on your dog walk, keep some high-value treats in your hand and feed them constantly as you walk quickly by the other dog and then stop once there is enough distance between your dog and the other dog. Go to bed Asking them to "go to bed" is also something you could try. 2. If they stop barking, then give them the treat. Use their most loved type of treat. You can solve this issue by providing enough and proper exercise to your dog. Since some breeds are more active than others. BarkMute produces no shock, pain, or any stress to your pup. Then, say quiet as soon as it stops barking, and give it the reward. Just another site. } If you live with others, you may need to have a house meeting where you outline the rules for the dog so everyone is on the same page and agrees to stick to a consistent set of commands. A tired dog is more likely to rest when youre not at home. Barking is normal dog behavior and puppies wont grow out of it, but you can take positive steps to reduce it and teach your dog alternative ways to communicate. Barking is a completely normal part of your dog's communication tools.
Non Equity Communities In Boynton Beach, Funny Love Letter To Boyfriend, The Opening Sentence Of The Second Paragraph Primarily Serves To, Does Qatar Airways Serve Alcohol During Ramadan, Articles S